Friday, December 22, 2017
Energy efficient solutions in modern buildings
Energy efficient solutions in modern buildings
Energy efficient buildings are the buildings that have the highest
energy saving potentials. These buildings are basically built by using
architectural design aspects. Saving energy is the one of most actual topic in
today. Shape of the structure, orientation of the building and the number
windows and the places they need to be located are decided to obtain the
maximum usage from these kinds of buildings. Most important aspects with strong
influence on the building design are outdoor temperature, solar radiation,
humidity and wind. These aspects can be use to get the maximum utilization from
the building.
In general following methods can be taken as the strategies of designing
energy efficient building.
Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting
The development of innovative daylight concepts
is the most important strategy to decrease the energy demand for lighting.
daylight is a one of easiest method of getting energy source freely. If people can design the lighting system with
involve day light, it almost impact for the betterment of the whole building. Buildings with huge overall width, like office buildings,
tend to have considerable amount of energy demand for artificial lighting. for such cases, day light can be used by
installing materials like glasses within the building to get maximum usage.
Natural ventilation by wind
For modern buildings natural ventilation is a
best way of innovative alternatives to conventional mechanical ventilation
systems.
The first office building of using only natural
ventilation is the new office building of European Central Bank in Frankfurt. The design of the building is based on wind forces around and in the
building. It helps to save the energy cost and even saves the lives of
occupants.
Cooling case from windows
Keeping cool indoors when it is hot outdoors is a problem. Some day’s
sun causes indoor temperatures to rise to uncomfortable levels. Air
conditioning provides some relief for that. But the initial cost of installing
an air conditioner and the electricity costs to run it can be high. In
addition, conventional air conditioners use refrigerants made of chlorine
compounds, contribute to the depletion of ozone layer and global warming.
Therefore, an alternative method of keep cooling and reduce the use of air
conditioners is natural cooling.
The most effective way to cool the building is to use the doors and
windows with right size and right orientation. The primary source of heat
buildup is sunlight absorbed by building through roof, walls and windows.
Therefore, by varying them, cooling demand can be changed.
Cool roofs
Cool roofs are the roofs which made by highly reflective materials
to reflect more light and absorb less heat from sunlight, which keep homes
cooler during hot climate.
Building envelop
Group 32
ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS IN MODERN BUILDING
ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS IN MODERN BUILDING
Saving energy is one of
the most important topic for today. In the present days, all over the world is
paying huge attention to the problem of resource conservation about heating
buildings and its efficient use. Modern buildings has huge reserves to increase
their thermal efficiency.
In the past, energy
efficient buildings did not take a considerable significant. But today modern
buildings pay unique attention for energy efficient solutions.
Efficient energy use, which is called energy
efficiency, is the goal to decrease the amount of energy required to supply
products and services. As example, insulting a home allows a building to unusable
heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain comfortable temperature.
Install of LED lights, fluorescent lights or natural skylights decreases the
amount of required energy to reach the same level of lighting compared with the
using traditional incandescent light bulbs. Not only have that but great efficiency
windows and insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors increased the efficiency
of building envelope also. Alternative strategy, passive solar building design,
is often applied in low-energy homes.
There are number of motivations to increase
energy efficiency. Reducing energy use reduces energy costs and may result in an
economic cost saving to users if the energy savings offset any additional costs
of implementing an energy efficient technology.
Usually, there are
following strategies for the design of energy efficient buildings,
- · Minimization of losses
- · Maximization of solar gains –Heating case
- · Minimization of solar gains-Cooling case
- · Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting
1. Minimization of losses-Compactness
Heat losses are taken an
important role for the energy performance of buildings. Reliant to the building
type (housing, office, schools, commercials etc.) transmission losses can have
the highest percentage of all losses. Therefore the main design related measure
should be the decrease of heating losses by minimization of the shape/volume
ratio. Specially for an cost-effective realization of passive houses or zero
and plus energy houses compactness is of maximum importance, as worse
compactness means higher construction costs.
2. Maximization of solar
gains- Heating case
During the heating
period a maximization of passive solar gains should be the main target to
reduce the heating energy demand. Optimized interaction of location, sizes of
windows and one-use thermal mass are the key elements. Superior design of
windows and a special sunblind with reflector (reflecting sunlight to the
ceilings) supports a maximization of solar energy gains for the rooms. Massive
floors, walls and special designed ceilings (beamed concrete slabs with large
surface area) are used for the storage solar energy.
3. Minimization of solar
gains- Cooling case
⏩Transparent
building elements (windows)
Orientation and dimension
of transparent building elements (windows) have important effect on the cooling
demand. Intellectual shading elements with different orientation are additional
measures for the reduction of solar gains.
⏩Natural
cooling with passive night ventilation
The office buildings up
to 2/3 of the total cooling load can be managed by passive cooling, not using with
mechanical energy. Night temperature in summer around 15celcios suitable
thermal building mass and the possibility of natural stack ventilation are
requirements for this cooling kinds.
⏩Natural ventilation by wind
Innovational mechanical
ventilation systems are used for high rise buildings natural ventilation
concepts of wind. The new office of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt is the
first office building using only natural ventilation. The building design is
based on wind and ascending forces around and in the building.
4. Minimization of
electricity demand for artificial lighting
In addition to heating
and cooling the energy demand for artificial lighting is of significance for
the energetic performance of buildings. Huge overall width buildings like
office buildings, tend to have substantial energy demand for artificial
lighting. Innovative daylight concepts development is the most important
strategy to decrease the energy demand for lighting. Daylight concepts always
pay attention for the combination with aspects for heating and cooling.
5. Active solar energy
Active
use of solar energy (thermal and photovoltaic solar collectors) on one hand has
strong input on the design of the building and on the other hand the use of
solar energy also has strong effect on the environmental performance of the
building, compared to other HVAC systems. Requires. A comprehensive integration
of solar panels in the architectural design concept and influences the design
of building strongly are required by the intensive use of solar energy. Solar
panels can be attached on walls and roofs, although in urban context roofs with
better conditions.
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