Energy
efficient solutions in modern buildings
Social and environmental
changes have expanded concentrate on protection of natural resources and
sustainable living. Late financial changes have additionally made customers
revaluate how they utilize energy, with new consideration being given to increasing
efficiency. Utilizing more productive building strategies in new development
and in renovation could decrease the measure of energy expended, in this way
sparing cash and diminishing electric load growth and air emissions coming
about because of electric generation. There have been numerous developments in
the advancement of energy efficiency in the construction sector, quite a bit of
which is composed around the rules of the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design Green Building Rating System and other rating systems such
as GREEN SL, LEED rating and BREEAM. Therefor there are number of solutions
available in modern construction industry for energy efficiency.
Climate
Design – Adaptation to climate conditions
Looking
back in history we can see that building design, besides other factors (social
aspects, availability of building materials, etc.) Always was a result of the climatic conditions
on the building site. Even though modern architecture is neglecting these
climatic conditions, compensating inefficient building design with enormous
efforts concerning the energy supply for heating, cooling and lighting. To design
energy efficient buildings (Low-Tec Buildings) architectural concepts have to
integrate this old knowledge and develop new innovative design solutions based
on climatic aspects. Climate conditions can be Cold climate, Heating based
climate, combined climate, Moderate climate, Cooling based climate, Hot climate.
Passive
Solar Design Techniques
In building
planning and design, solar based methods are those that exploit solar heat and
light to counterbalance the requirement for gas or electric heating, cooling,
and lighting. They are unique in relation to dynamic universes, for example,
photovoltaic solar panels, which change solar rays into power for home utilize.
Regular inactive sun powered strategies incorporate south-facing building orientations
that ingest and store solar heat amid the winter and redirect solar heat amid
the summer, and "daylighting," or augmenting the utilization of
windows and full-glass exterior walls, frequently shrouded in a heat-deflecting
glaze, to permit common lighting into the building's inside work spaces, while
limiting the warmth pick up that may typically come about.
Thermal
Storage
Thermal storage
might be executed in singular building ventures from numerous points of view.
The absolute most basic techniques incorporate are vital window arrangement and
daylighting plan, choice of suitable coating for windows and sky lights, fitting
shading of glass to avoid unwanted heat gain, utilization of light-colored
materials or paint for building envelopes and rooftops, cautious siting and orientation,
and proper finishing. Shading procedures may incorporate overhangs and porches,
trees and other vegetation, removable awnings, exterior roll-down shades, or
shutters. Solar design can also help to achieve this.
Cooling
Strategies
Passive
cooling strategies, especially when used in conjunction with thermal storage
techniques that prevent heat absorption, may reduce the need for heavy air
conditioning. Such cooling techniques include the use of natural ventilation,
ceiling fans, atria and stairwell towers, evaporative cooling systems for dry
climates, dehumidification systems, and geothermal cooling and heat pump
systems. These methods can effectively remove heat from the interior of a
building without the use of energy-intensive conventional air conditioning
systems.
Daylighting
Daylighting
techniques involve the incorporation of natural daylight into the mix of a
building’s interior illumination. When properly designed and integrated with
electric lighting, daylighting can offer significant energy savings by
offsetting a portion of the electric lighting needed. A side benefit of
daylighting is that it also reduces the internal heat gain from electric
lighting, thereby reducing required cooling capacity. Results of recent studies
imply improved productivity and health in day lighted schools and offices.
Windows—the principal source of daylight—also provide visual relief, a visual
portal on the world outside the building, time orientation, and a possible
source of ventilation and emergency egress. Other sources of daylight include
light pipes with mirrored inner surfaces that bring natural light deep into a
building interior, skylights, sky domes, and reflective devices and surfaces
that spread daylight more evenly in occupied interior spaces.
High-performance
Insulation
A type of
super-insulating material increasingly used for residential and light
commercial buildings is structural insulated panels used in floors, walls, and
roofs. The panels are manufactured by forming a sandwich of rigid foam plastic
insulation between two panels of plywood. The panels generally cost about the
same as building with wood-frame construction, but labor costs and waste are
reduced.
Reuse of
existing structures with their embodied energy
Reuse is a
strategy that helps to sustainable resource use. Innovative solutions for the
reuse of existing structures can keep the demolition and the need to dispose. Thus
as to expand the retrofitting rate essentially it is important to discover new
answers for monetary reuse.
Zoning of buildings
Zoning of a
building means that the building is divided up into separate areas, each with
the unique calculated requirements for energy efficiency and indoor climate. There
might be transfers of energy from one zone to another, if there are differences
in the indoor temperatures. Zoning can be needed for building low energy
consumption and for complex buildings that have multiple functions, to ensure
that suitable indoor climatic conditions are obtained in different parts of the
building.
Usage of Lighting
Devices
While many
lighting technologies are commercially available, the technology most likely to
dominate the future is the LED. There are two major classes of LEDs:
crystalline semiconductor devices LEDs that have many of the characteristics of
silicon-based computer chips, and organic LEDs (OLEDs), which use organic
materials that have the characteristics of semiconductors. Laboratory LED
devices have been demonstrated that approach 300 lm/W, which is beginning to
approach the 400 lm/W theoretical maximum efficiency for an acceptable white
light. The most efficient commercial products today have efficiencies between
120 and 160 lm/W. Remaining research challenges include efficiency improvements,
cost reduction, reliability, color consistency, and compatibility with dimmers
and other controls.
Arsecularatne B.P. 162604D
Ekenayake K.M.N.K. 162405N
Hasantha P.P.G.M.L 162627B
Jayathilaka R.D.W.W. 162634T
Madushan R.L.D 162647K
Shylanth P. 162671D
No comments:
Post a Comment